Cerebral Hemodynamic Reserve Abnormalities Detected Via Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection can produce endothelial injury and microvascular damage, one cause of the multiorgan failure associated with COVID-19. Cerebrovascular endothelial damage increases the risk of stroke in COVID-19 patients, which makes prompt diagnosis important. Endothelial dysfunction can be evaluated by using transcranial Doppler ultrasound to study cerebral hemodynamic reserve, but there are few of these studies in patients with COVID-19, and the technique is not included in COVID-19 action and follow-up guidelines nationally or internationally. OBJECTIVE: Estimate baseline cerebral hemodynamic patterns, cerebral hemodynamic reserve, and breath-holding index in recovered COVID-19 patients. METHOD: We conducted an exploratory study in 51 people; 27 men and 24 women 20-78 years of age, divided into two groups. One group comprised 25 recovered COVID-19 patients, following clinical and epidemiological discharge, who suffered differing degrees of disease severity, and who had no neurological symptoms or disease at the time they were incorporated into the study. The second group comprised 26 people who had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and who tested negative by RT-PCR at the time of study enrollment. Recovered patients were further divided into two groups: those who had been asymptomatic or had mild disease, and those who had severe or critical disease. We performed transcranial Doppler ultrasounds to obtain baseline and post-apnea tests of cerebral hemodynamic patterns to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic reserve and breath-holding indices. We characterized the recovered patient group and the control group through simple descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations). RESULTS: There were no measurable differences in baseline cerebral hemodynamics between the groups. However, cerebral hemodynamic reserve and breath-holding index were lower in those who had COVID-19 than among control participants (19.9% vs. 36.8% and 0.7 vs. 1.2 respectively). These variables were similar for patients who had asymptomatic or mild disease (19.9% vs.19.8%) and for those who had severe or critical disease (0.7 vs. 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection showed decreased cerebral hemodynamic reserve and breath-holding index regardless of the disease's clinical severity or presence of neurological symptoms. These abnormalities may be associated with endothelial damage caused by COVID-19. It would be useful to include transcranial Doppler ultrasound in evaluation and follow-up protocols for patients with COVID-19.

Hipodermoclisis en pacientes con cáncer terminal / Hypodermoclysis in patients presenting with terminal cancer

Introducción: La vía subcutánea es una alternativa que se emplea con frecuencia en enfermos de cáncer avanzado para administrar medicación, sin embargo, la hidratación por ella es excepcional en nuestro medio por lo que se realiza el presente estudio para conocer si es factible administrar hidratación subcutánea en pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas terminales, las características de la técnica y las dificultades que se pueden presentar durante su aplicación. Métodos: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes con cáncer avanzado y deshidratación o riesgo de padecerla que recibieron hidratación subcutánea con volumen y ritmo de infusión adaptados a cada enfermo. Resultados: Se realizaron 18 punciones en 10 pacientes, con un total de 55 d de infusión. El volumen medio administrado fue 1 000 mL/d con un ritmo de infusión que osciló entre 20 y 80 mL/h. El punto de infusión se cambió cada 2-4 d, como promedio, con una duración variable entre 1 y 10 d, principalmente por acumulación en zona de punción. Conclusión: La vía subcutánea para la hidratación de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas en estadio terminal es sencilla y parece exenta de complicaciones importantes(AU)

Introduction: The subcutaneous route is an alternative frequently used in patients with advanced stage cancer to administer medication, however, its hydration is exceptional in our country, thus, present study was conducted to know if it is feasible to administer subcutaneous hydration in patients with terminal oncologic diseases, the technique's characteristics and potential difficulties during its implementation. Methods: Ten patients presenting with advanced stage cancer and dehydration or its risk underwent subcutaneous hydration with infusion volume and rhythm fitted to each patient. Results: Eighteen punctures were carried out in 10 patients for a total of 55 days of infusion. The mean volume administered was of 1 000 mL/d with an infusion rhythm fluctuating between 20and 80 mL/h. The infusion point was changed each 2-4 d, as average, with a variable length between 1 and 10 d, mainly due to accumulation in the puncture zone. Conclusion: The subcutaneous route for hydration of patients with oncologic diseases in terminal stage is simple and seems free from significant complications(AU)

Hipodermoclisis en pacientes con cáncer terminal / Hypodermoclysis in patients presenting with terminal cancer

Introducción: La vía subcutánea es una alternativa que se emplea con frecuencia en enfermos de cáncer avanzado para administrar medicación, sin embargo, la hidratación por ella es excepcional en nuestro medio por lo que se realiza el presente estudio para conocer si es factible administrar hidratación subcutánea en pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas terminales, las características de la técnica y las dificultades que se pueden presentar durante su aplicación. Métodos: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes con cáncer avanzado y deshidratación o riesgo de padecerla que recibieron hidratación subcutánea con volumen y ritmo de infusión adaptados a cada enfermo. Resultados: Se realizaron 18 punciones en 10 pacientes, con un total de 55 d de infusión. El volumen medio administrado fue 1 000 mL/d con un ritmo de infusión que osciló entre 20 y 80 mL/h. El punto de infusión se cambió cada 2-4 d, como promedio, con una duración variable entre 1 y 10 d, principalmente por acumulación en zona de punción. Conclusión: La vía subcutánea para la hidratación de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas en estadio terminal es sencilla y parece exenta de complicaciones importantes

Introduction: The subcutaneous route is an alternative frequently used in patients with advanced stage cancer to administer medication, however, its hydration is exceptional in our country, thus, present study was conducted to know if it is feasible to administer subcutaneous hydration in patients with terminal oncologic diseases, the technique's characteristics and potential difficulties during its implementation. Methods: Ten patients presenting with advanced stage cancer and dehydration or its risk underwent subcutaneous hydration with infusion volume and rhythm fitted to each patient. Results: Eighteen punctures were carried out in 10 patients for a total of 55 days of infusion. The mean volume administered was of 1 000 mL/d with an infusion rhythm fluctuating between 20and 80 mL/h. The infusion point was changed each 2-4 d, as average, with a variable length between 1 and 10 d, mainly due to accumulation in the puncture zone. Conclusion: The subcutaneous route for hydration of patients with oncologic diseases in terminal stage is simple and seems free from significant complications